Newer Diabetes medications
the treatment of Type 2 diabetes is undergoing a big change particulalry due to the benefits of newer medications over the older ones. Metformin still remains cornerstone, although evidence of this is not that strong.
all newer medications provide benefits of
- once daily
- Low risk of low blood sugars unless combined with insulin or sulphonylureas ( eg gliclazide)
- Added benefits over just improvement in blood sugar control
- Protection of organs and blood vessels
- Lowers risk of death
| Table | Class | Advantages | Possible side effects |
| Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin Empagliflozin |
SGLT2 Inhibitors
ONCE DAILY TABLET |
Reduces blood sugars
Weight loss Lowers Blood pressure Cardio vascular protection |
Can Feel Thirsty
Increased urination Genital infection ( thrush) Urinary infection |
| Liraglutide
Lixesenatide |
Glucagon like peptide 1
(GLP1) ONCE DAILY INJECTION |
Reduces blood sugars
Weight loss Lowers Blood pressure Cardio vascular protection |
Nausea Vomiting
Loss of appetite Constipation Acute Pancreatitis |
| Dulaglutide
Semaglutide |
Glucagon like peptide 1
(GLP1) ONCE WEEKLY INJECTION |
Reduces blood sugars
Weight loss Lowers Blood pressure Cardio vascular protection |
Nausea Vomiting
Loss of appetite Constipation Acute Pancreatitis |
| Rybelsus
(NEEDS TO BE TAKEN ON EMPTY STOMACH) |
Glucagon like peptide 1
(GLP1) ONCE DAILY TABLET |
Reduces blood sugars
Weight loss Lowers Blood pressure Cardio vascular protection |
Nausea Vomiting
Loss of appetite Constipation Acute Pancreatitis |
- Rybelsus Long term trial data awaited